Current Date: 14 Sep, 2025
{{entry.title}}

Franz Ferdinand’s Assassination that sparked World War I

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are shot to death by a Bosnian Serb nationalist during an official visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. The killings sparked a chain of events that led to the eruption of World War I by early August.

Since it ended, there has been discussion about the reasons behind World War I, or the Great War. Officially, Germany bore a large portion of the blame for the war’s four years of unprecedented carnage. However, a number of intricate factors contributed to the war, including a brutal assassination that sparked the biggest conflict Europe had ever seen.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s murder infuriated Austria-Hungary.

In June 1914, Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie paid a state visit to Bosnia, which had been annexed by Austria-Hungary.

The couple visited Sarajevo’s capital on June 28 to look over the imperial forces stationed there. They narrowly escaped death when Serbian terrorists threw a bomb at their open-topped car as they were traveling to their destination.

Franz Ferdinands Assassination that sparked World War I 1
Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria, and his wife Sophie riding in an open carriage at Sarajevo shortly before their assassination. (Credit: Henry Guttmann/Getty Images)

Later that day, however, their luck ran out when their driver unintentionally drove them past Gavrilo Princip, a 19-year-old Serbian nationalist who fatally shot Franz Ferdinand and his wife at point-blank range. On July 28, Austria-Hungary, shocked, and Germany supported its declaration of war against Serbia.

Within a few days, Germany invaded France via Belgium after declaring war on Serbia’s ally, Russia. This prompted Britain to declare war on Germany.

Imperialist expansion was fueled by a lack of industrial resources.

The desire of a state to expand its empire was not new in European history, but by the early twentieth century, the Industrial Revolution was in full force.

The need to control new lands and their natural resources, including oil, rubber, coal, iron, and other raw materials, was sparked by new industrial and manufacturing technologies.

Germany desired a larger share of the continents due to the British Empire’s expansion to five continents and France’s control of many African colonies. Countries formed alliances to position themselves for European dominance as tensions increased as they competed for position.

As nationalism increased, diplomacy suffered

Europe experienced a rise in nationalism during the 19th century. As people’s pride in their nation and culture grew, so did their desire to be free of imperial rule. However, in some instances, nationalism was fueled by imperialism as some groups asserted their superiority over others.

For example, after Germany dominated France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, France lost money and land to Germany, which then fueled French nationalism and a desire for vengeance. This widespread nationalism is thought to be a major contributing factor to World War I.

When Princip, a member of a Serbian nationalist terrorist organization fighting against Austria-rule Hungary’s over Bosnia, assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife during World War I, nationalism played a particular role in the conflict.

Franz Ferdinands Assassination that sparked World War I 2
Kings William I, Franz Josef and Umberto I, on the occasion of the signing of the Triple Alliance, Treaty between the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Italy, 1882. (Credit: DeAgostini/Getty Images)

Entangled alliances created two competing groups

Germany and Austria-Hungary formed an alliance against Russia in 1879. Italy joined their alliance (The Triple Alliance) in 1882, and in response, Russia allied with France in 1894.

The Triple Entente was established in 1907 by France, Russia, and Great Britain as a means of defense against the growing threat posed by Germany. The Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, and the Allies, which included Russia, France, and Britain, soon divided Europe into two groups.

Though not every alliance was set in stone—Italy later switched sides—as war was declared, the allied nations encouraged one another to fight and uphold their treaties. By the end of August 1914, the so-called “entangled alliances” had led to the spread of what should have been a localized conflict to all of Europe’s major powers.

Militarism sparked an arms race

Many European nations strengthened their militaries at the beginning of the 20th century and were prepared to use them. The majority of the European powers, who were engaged in an arms race and had military draft systems, were methodically building up their war chests and honing their defensive tactics.

France, Russia, Britain, and Germany all saw significant increases in their defense budgets between 1910 and 1914. But at the time, Germany was by far the militarist nation in Europe. It had massively increased its military spending by 79 percent by July 1914.

Additionally, Germany and Britain were engaged in a clandestine naval conflict. As soon as the British Royal Navy created the first Dreadnought battleship, which could outgun and outrun any other battleship in existence, they doubled their naval battle fleet. Not to be outdone, Germany built its own fleet of Dreadnoughts.

The European powers were not only ready for war when World War I broke out; some even looked forward to it as a way to advance their international standing.

Despite the fact that Austria-Hungary struck first after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, all the other European powers quickly lined up to defend their alliances, maintain or grow their empires, and show off their military strength and national pride.

Similar Stories
Medals of Friendship: The Enduring Olympic Story of 1936

Medals of Friendship: The Enduring Olympic Story of 1936

At the 1936 Summer Olympics, two Japanese pole vaulters named Sueo Oe and Shuhei Nishida tied for second, but they declined to compete against each other. As a result, Nishida was awarded the silver medal and Oe won a bronze medal. Upon returning to Japan, the athletes had their medals cut in half and spliced together to create new "friendship medals," which were half silver and half bronze.

Archaeologists Uncover 2,000-Year-Old Amazonian Cities Using Lidar Technology

Archaeologists Uncover 2,000-Year-Old Amazonian Cities Using Lidar Technology

Deep in the Ecuadorian Amazon, archaeologists have uncovered an ancient network of urban settlements once inhabited by the Upano people about 2,000 years ago. Using cutting-edge lidar technology, these discoveries reveal a highly organized society featuring sophisticated agricultural systems, drainage canals, and extensive road networks. This transformative find challenges long-held assumptions about ancient Amazonian societies and sheds light on a complex civilization thriving in one of the world’s most biodiverse regions.

A Brief History of the PlayStation Gaming Console

A Brief History of the PlayStation Gaming Console

Sony's PlayStation was never meant to be an actual product. Instead, it was intended to be a CD-ROM console that would support Nintendo games. However, when Nintendo backed out of the deal at the last minute, Sony went ahead and launched what soon became one of the most successful gaming consoles of all time.

The World’s First Seismograph: How Ancient China Detected Earthquakes 1,800 Years Ago

The World’s First Seismograph: How Ancient China Detected Earthquakes 1,800 Years Ago

Over 1,800 years ago, long before modern technology, the ancient Chinese astronomer and inventor Zhang Heng created the world’s first seismograph in 132 AD. This ingenious bronze device could detect distant earthquakes by releasing small balls from dragons’ mouths into toads’ mouths—each indicating a different compass direction. Its historic detection of an earthquake 400 miles away astonished the imperial court and transformed the way societies understood and responded to seismic events.

Why the Word ‘Pen’ Comes from the Latin ‘Penna’ Meaning Feather

Why the Word ‘Pen’ Comes from the Latin ‘Penna’ Meaning Feather

The humble word “pen” carries a rich history rooted in ancient times, derived from the Latin word penna, meaning “feather.” Long before modern pens revolutionized writing, feather quills—especially from geese—were the essential tools of scribes, scholars, and artists. This article journeys through the origins of the pen, its evolution, and fascinating trivia about the timeless connection between feathers and writing.

What Was the Beast of Gévaudan?

What Was the Beast of Gévaudan?

Between 1764 and 1767, a mysterious animal called the Beast of Gévaudan terrorized the French village called Gévaudan. It attacked and killed about 100 adults and children. While most believe it was a wolf, some say it may have been a wolf-dog hybrid, hyena or even a lion, but without any genetic evidence, the beast will remain a mystery forever.

Irena Sendler: woman who rescued Jews during holocaust

Irena Sendler: woman who rescued Jews during holocaust

Irene Sendler was the Zegota resistance group's head of the children's department. She risked her life to smuggle children out of the Warsaw ghetto, place them with Polish families or orphanages, give each child a new identity, and keep records so that they could be returned to their families. In 1943, the Gestapo arrested and sentenced her to death, but she was rescued by Zegota.

Ancient Egyptians Had Pregnancy Tests Over 3500 Years Ago

Ancient Egyptians Had Pregnancy Tests Over 3500 Years Ago

The ancient Egyptians used a pregnancy test that involved potentially pregnant women peeing on barley and wheat seeds. Plant growth indicated pregnancy: barley for a boy and wheat for a girl. Later tests revealed that pregnant women's urine causes plant growth 70% of the time, whereas non-pregnant women's urine does not.

Poto And Cabengo: The Secret Language Of Twins

Poto And Cabengo: The Secret Language Of Twins

Poto and Cabengo, as the two girls called each other, communicated in their own language. The twins were ignored by their parents and secluded from the outside world because their father felt they were developmentally retarded, and their unique language evolved as a result of that neglect.

Did Gil Pérez Really Teleport from Manila to Mexico Overnight? The 1593 Mystery

Did Gil Pérez Really Teleport from Manila to Mexico Overnight? The 1593 Mystery

On October 24, 1593, while performing his guard duties at Manila's Governor's Palace in the Philippines, Gil Perez stopped to lean against a wall and sleep for a while. He opened his eyes to find himself in an unusual environment. Gil was in the Plaza Mayor in Mexico City. They imprisoned Perez, but the authorities in Mexico City decided to release him and return him home.

The Arabia Steamboat: Unearthing a 19th Century Time Capsule from the Missouri River

The Arabia Steamboat: Unearthing a 19th Century Time Capsule from the Missouri River

The Arabia was a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1856. Over time, the river shifted 800 meters to the east, eventually turning the site of the sinking into a field. The steamboat remained under 45 feet of slit and topsoil until 1988, when it was excavated. The mud, as it turned out, was such a great preserver that most of the artifacts on board were found to be intact. They even found jars of preserved apples that were still edible!