

Martin Couney, Saved Thousands of Premature Babies Wasn’t a Doctor at All
At the turn of the century, visitors to Coney Island might wade in the water, eat ice cream, or ride a rollercoaster at Luna Park, an amusement park that had just opened. However, your promenade along the boardwalk may also include a visit to what amounts to the functional equivalent of a neonatal intensive care unit, complete with incubators full of premature babies sleeping inside of them.
It wouldn’t be an accident: in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, babies in incubators were a common sideshow. Premature babies could be seen in permanent exhibits like the one at Luna Park as well as at international fairs. The infants, however, weren’t there to be exhibited; rather, they were there to fight for their lives with the assistance of a courageous German man, Martin Couney.
Incubators, the most advanced technology available at the time, were used by Couney to keep premature babies alive. But prior to his ground-breaking work, doctors ridiculed or disregarded the technology.
French obstetrician Stéphane Tarnier created baby incubators after observing them in use at a zoo. Tarnier changed the concept he’d seen applied to newborn chickens to newborn people. However, in the early years of their existence, they did not have widespread adaptation.
The medical community’s attitude toward premature babies was one of the issues. Many people believed that it was pointless and expensive to care for premature babies. Low birth weight infants were cared for, but mortality was high and doctors believed Tarnier’s invention was not scientific. Few physicians think it has the ability to save lives because it was so novel and uncommon.
Here comes Pierre Budin, a French doctor who questioned why more medical facilities weren’t purchasing incubators. Despite the fact that he started conducting fruitful research with the technology in 1888, he encountered persistent difficulties when trying to secure funding for incubators. He made the decision to exhibit incubators at the Berlin World’s Fair in 1896.

Fairs at the time were more than just places to enjoy rides and eat food. The Great Exhibition, organized by Victorian-era England in 1851, served as hubs for international knowledge-sharing and technological advancement. It was crucial for both professionals and the general public to learn more about the most significant discoveries of the time from the new machines, devices, and scientific advancements that the Industrial Revolution had produced.
This was also true of the World’s Fair in 1896. There, German Martin Couney saw a collection of several premature babies that Budin had borrowed from a hospital in Berlin. Couney knew right away that people would pay to see babies in incubators and that the unique exhibit would save babies’ lives. The sight was so unusual that people crowded into the display, paying money while the doctors gave new life to the six infants.
Both Couney understood they had a potential lifesaver on their hands after the exhibit’s success. Since his daughter had been born early, Couney became interested in the care of premature babies even though historians now believe he was not a medical doctor. If hospitals refused to treat premature babies, Couney could, using fairs and exhibitions to draw crowds and funds for their neonatal care.
Coney Island was a marvel in and of itself at the time. Every weekend throughout the summer, tens of thousands of pleasure seekers flocked to the beach and boardwalk. As a result, there was a flourishing culture of sideshows, amusement parks, and vendors that appeared all along the beach. Coney Island’s appeal was made even more piquant by its relatively relaxed, casual atmosphere, where New York’s massive population could let their hair down and indulge themselves.

Incubators were a new attraction at Luna Park in Coney Island that opened for business in 1903. After relocating permanently to the US, Couney launched two incubator exhibits: Dreamland, located in Coney Island, and Luna Park. A fascinated audience watched as nurses attended to the babies. The premature baby exhibits featured carnival barkers, just like any other amusement, luring people in to see the babies. The premature babies benefited from ticket sales.
For many years, Couney ran the exhibits; at one Atlantic City incubator exhibit, he even asked his daughter Hildegard, the preemie who survived, for assistance. He received the babies from hospitals across the nation and accepted them at no cost. Slowly, thousands of babies were nursed back to health, and all because the public loved seeing them warm and cozy in their incubators.
Lucille Horn, who was born prematurely in 1920, said in an interview with NPR: “I think it was definitely more of a freak show, but as long as they saw me and I was alive, it was all right. Horn lived to be 96, and witnessed something that they usually did not see. She was only one of the babies who made it out alive; during his career, Couney claimed an 85 percent success rate and to have saved 6,500 babies.

The incubators were a serious matter of medicine even though they had developed into a beloved sideshow. As more hospitals started using incubators and his methods in 1943, Couney ended the performance at Coney Island. Even though one in ten babies born in the US are premature today, Couney and the carnival babies have significantly increased their chances of survival.

Tunnels Dug by ancient giant sloths, A South American Megafauna
For years, scientists didn’t know what caused mysterious cave networks in South America. In 2010, they learned that the caves were actually tunnels dug by ancient giant sloths

Ancient Jericho: The First Walled City In History
The ancient city of Jericho is the world's oldest walled city, with evidence of stone fortifications dating back nearly 9000 years.

Charlie Brown and Franz Stigler incident: Enemy became friends
During WWII, a German pilot spotted an American pilot’s crippled plane in the sky. Tailing it, he noticed that gunner was dead, crew injured, and they posed no threat. Instead of destroying the plane, he led it to safety. 40 years later, the two pilots reunited.

Marion Stokes recorded 30 years of television
Marion Stokes, a Philadelphia woman began taping whatever was on television in 1979 and didn’t stop until her death in 2012. The 71,000 VHS and Betamax tapes she made are the most complete collection preserving this era of TV. They are being digitized by the Internet Archive.

The history of Flour sack clothing fashion
After Kansas mill owners found women reused flour sack materials into apparel in the 1920s and 1930s, they started applying patterned designs to give families with more fashionable patterns and material.

Why Comedians Failed to Make Sober Sue Laugh in the Early 1900s
In the bustling vaudeville scene of early 20th century New York, a mysterious performer known as "Sober Sue" captured public imagination not for jokes or songs, but for her unshakable stoicism—she never smiled or laughed. A local theater even offered a tempting reward of $1,000 to anyone who could make her laugh, drawing crowds and famous comedians eager to claim the prize. Despite countless hilarious attempts, Sue remained expressionless, a mystery that baffled performers and audiences until it was revealed that she suffered from facial paralysis, explaining her unchanging demeanor.

The touching story of David Vetter (bubble boy), the 'boy who lived in a bubble
David Vetter lived his whole 12 years in sterile “bubble”. He was “outside” for 20 second after being removed from his mother’s womb. He never touched any human.

Albert Einstein’s brain after it was stolen from his body
Albert Einstein's brain was taken by the opportunistic pathologist who performed his autopsy hours after he died and kept in two jars for 30 years. The stolen brain of Albert Einstein was preserved in a cookie jar for 30 years until being discovered by a journalist.

Juliane Koepcke: The Teenager Who Fell 10,000 Feet And Trekked The Jungle to survive
In 1971, a high school student was sucked out of an airplane after it was struck by lightning. She fell 10,000 feet to the ground while still strapped to her chair and survived. Only to endure a 9-day trek to the nearest civilization.

Shizo Kanakuri’s 1912 Olympic Marathon Finished 54 Years
At the 1912 Olympics, a marathon runner quit and went home to Japan without telling officials and was considered a missing person in Sweden for 50 years. In 1966, he was invited to complete the marathon. His time: 54 years, 8 months, 6 days, 5 hours, 32 minutes, and 20.379 seconds.

Why the Word ‘Pen’ Comes from the Latin ‘Penna’ Meaning Feather
The humble word “pen” carries a rich history rooted in ancient times, derived from the Latin word penna, meaning “feather.” Long before modern pens revolutionized writing, feather quills—especially from geese—were the essential tools of scribes, scholars, and artists. This article journeys through the origins of the pen, its evolution, and fascinating trivia about the timeless connection between feathers and writing.

New London School Explosion, Deadliest school disaster which killed almost 300 children and teachers
In 1937, a gas leak in the basement at the local school in New London, Texas caused a massive explosion which killed almost 300 children and teachers, the deadliest school disaster in US history. Adolf Hitler even sent his condolences by telegram.

A Brief History of the PlayStation Gaming Console
Sony's PlayStation was never meant to be an actual product. Instead, it was intended to be a CD-ROM console that would support Nintendo games. However, when Nintendo backed out of the deal at the last minute, Sony went ahead and launched what soon became one of the most successful gaming consoles of all time.

The Bizarre (And Magical) Duel Between Chung Ling Soo And Ching Ling Foo
Ching Ling Foo and Chung Ling Soo were two magicians from the early 20th century who were bitter rivals. While Ching Ling Foo was genuinely Chinese, Chung Ling Soo was actually a New Yorker named William Robinson.

The Amazing Truth About The German U-Boat That Was Sunk By A Toilet
During WWII, a German captain and an engineer flushed the submarine's high-tech toilet incorrectly, causing the vessel to rapidly fill with water. British planes patrolling the sea attacked them as the submarine was brought to the surface. While many members of the crew were killed in the attack, the captain escaped!

Ancient Egyptians Had Pregnancy Tests Over 3500 Years Ago
The ancient Egyptians used a pregnancy test that involved potentially pregnant women peeing on barley and wheat seeds. Plant growth indicated pregnancy: barley for a boy and wheat for a girl. Later tests revealed that pregnant women's urine causes plant growth 70% of the time, whereas non-pregnant women's urine does not.

The Assassination Of King Alexander
The assassination of King Alexander of Yugoslavia marked a pivotal moment in the country's history. This article delves into the rise and reign of King Alexander, exploring his early life and ascension to the throne. It also examines the political and social climate in interwar Yugoslavia, setting the stage for the tensions and challenges that ultimately culminated in his tragic assassination. By understanding the context in which this event unfolded, we can better grasp the significance and impact it had on the nation and its future.

Keith Sapsford: The Story of 14-Year-Old Stowaway
The final image of 14-year-old Australian Keith Sapsford, who aspired to travel the world. In February 1970, he sneaked into the wheel-well of a plane flying from Sydney to Tokyo. It opened mid-air & fell out. When a photographer was testing a new lens, he captured this moment on film and was surprised when it developed.

The Arabia Steamboat: Unearthing a 19th Century Time Capsule from the Missouri River
The Arabia was a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1856. Over time, the river shifted 800 meters to the east, eventually turning the site of the sinking into a field. The steamboat remained under 45 feet of slit and topsoil until 1988, when it was excavated. The mud, as it turned out, was such a great preserver that most of the artifacts on board were found to be intact. They even found jars of preserved apples that were still edible!

Roller Coasters were First Invented to Distract People from sin
Roller coasters were invented to distract Americans from sin. In the 1880s, hosiery businessman LaMarcus Thompson didn’t like that Americans were going to places like saloons and brothels and created the first roller coaster on Coney Island to persuade them to go there instead.

George Dantzig solved two famous “unsolved” problems in statistics mistakenly as assignment
In 1939, George Dantzig arrived late to his statistics class. On the board were two famous “unsolved” problems in statistics written as an example by his professor. Dantzig mistook the examples for homework assignments. He solved the “unsolved” problems and submitted the homework to his professor a few days later. His solutions earned him a doctorate.

The story of Bill Haast, who lived to be 100 despite his extensive snake venom injections
Bill Haast immunized himself by injecting snake venom into his blood for several years. He holds the Guinness World Record for surviving the most lethal snake bites, having been bitten over 172 times. Bill became known as "Snake Man" around the world and lived for over 100 years.

Why was the Eiffel Tower almost demolished
The Eiffel Tower was intended to be a temporary structure for the World's Fair in 1889, but it was nearly dismantled and sold for scrap metal. It was saved because of its potential use as a radio antenna, and it now serves as a tourist attraction as well as a working broadcast tower.

Sylvan Goldman: The Visionary Who Revolutionized Shopping with the Cart
The inventor of shopping carts, Sylvan Goldman, had to hire several male and female models to push carts around in his store, demonstrate their utility, and explain their use to other customers, due to not catching on initially.

Robert Odlum, the first person to jump off the Brooklyn Bridge
The first person to jump off the Brooklyn Bridge was a professional high diver who "wanted to demonstrate that people did not die simply by falling through the air, thus encouraging people to be willing to jump from a burning building into a net." He proved himself correct by safely falling 135 feet through the air and dying only when he hit the water.